 |
|
|
|
| The structure of GIS |
|
|
In order to construct a GIS one has to go through several phases. All phases are necessary to arrive at a result.
|
1. Data catch (collection of data)
2. Adaptation to database both of graphical and attribute data
3. Editing, transforming and upgrading of data
4. Analysis
5. Presentation of analysis results
Geographical information must be adapted to the digital technology for storing and adaptation in a computer. This is one of the couplings between information technology and geography.
Generally GIS will have a built-in database, but it is also usual to offer interface to general database programmes. Such an interface may have its starting point in a standard query language (SQL). Attribute data may be integrated in the graphical information or occur as a separate database with reference to the information of terrain. It is possible to search in the system by means of geographical co-ordinates or specific attributes. The analysis may consist of simple overlay operations or advanced simulations dependent of available software. A new trend within GIS is to install elements of artificial intelligence in the software in order to obtain faster searches in large and complicated data structures.
GIS may be used as a tool for automatic updating and production of maps, but the greatest challenge lies in how the coupling between map information and attribute data (table data) may be utilised for analysis and generation of new information.
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
